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Addenda and Appendices By dB The 'Clangers'
Addenda ADDENDUM 1 Aug 30 2006 : My 13 year old son fully grasped the concept of the inflating Earth on first telling. He is sharp. When I got to the bit 'volcanoes threw some of the inside material outside the shell thereby increasing the mass of the shell' he asked 'Why?' I knew what he meant. Why would pressure continue to build under the crust if the Earth was cooling down? This stopped me in my tracks for a moment. My answer after a few minutes deliberation was - well, convection currents would cause local areas of higher pressure under the crust, as might the spinning planet's centrifugal forces... but really, my best answer was 'because they did'. I felt I had not really offered him a totally convincing explanation as to why volcanic action would be a seriously large part of the process BEFORE gravity inversion took place. I just knew it must have happened, because there are old volcanoes. In the morning, though, when he wakes, I can perhaps supply him with a better answer. The solidifying and cooling shell contracted to a higher density. This squeezed magma out though volcanoes. ADDENDUM 2 Aug 31 2006 : As the concept of the gravity well with side-bands becomes more established, additional possible mechanisms for causing it spring to mind. For example, the Earth is cooling over time. This means in fact that it should be shrinking. Solidification of surface lava arrests the shrinking of the shell. However, the molten body inside continues to shrink, opening up an area of reduced pressure between it and the shell. In this no-mans land nucleons have to decide whether to 'go with the flow' or stick to the shell. The local gravity field will have final say, however. There is no such thing as quantum free will... ADDENDUM 3 Aug 31 2006 : I strongly recommend that the interested reader become familiar with all of the video clips offered by Mr Adams. ADDENDUM 4 Aug 31 2006 : Today I will attempt some back-of-the-envelope gravitational calculations to see if they can support what, up until now, has been a proposal for a mechanism supported by logic and evidence only. (Done - see above). ADDENDUM 5 Aug 31 2006 : I think the hypothesis could be tested by allowing a molten sphere of material to cool down under zero gravity conditions. If my hypothesis is correct, the sphere may hollow out and expand as it cools. Of course, the scale of the experiment versus the cooling time may be so far removed from planetary cooling that no comparable effect is observed even if my hypothesis is correct. The sphere should perhaps comprise major elements in % abundance in the Earth, or some derivative of same to compensate for small scale. Maybe one for the International Space Station though? Perhaps with very sensitive measurements the displacement volumes of two identical spheres cooled in and out of a gravity fields could be measured for significant differences in volume/density? UPDATE : I do not think this experiment will disprove anything. If by slim chance it produces a +ve result beyond experimental error case closed. However, I think it cannot reproduce the effects of volcanic action. ADDENDUM 5 Aug 31 2006 : This evening I came upon this team... http://www.tlonh.com/ They have a book and claim that the Earth is hollow and expanding, which is what I also think is likely true. This description caught my attention 'These 2 chapters... deal with the significance of our flawed understanding. Here, the fundamental error at the source of all our mysteries is exposed. It concerns a misconception of how gravity arranges matter throughout the formation and evolution of a planet. "Gravity and the Earth" explains how and why the Earth is structured differently to the way we believe...' I am wondering how closely the writers' ideas mirror my own? I have not read their book. I do note that they postulate a hard shell with a spherical centre of gravity, so there is some parallel at least. Perhaps I will email them. They continue... 'The conclusion (to the book) discloses both how and why the inner Earth holds the secret to the origins of humanity.' ...I certainly won't be matching THOSE claims. UPDATE to ABOVE 1 Sept 2006 : I have just discovered he team @ http://www.hollowearththeory.com/ are using push gravity to explain a hollowing of the Earth. In other words, they are not using a variant of what I hope will be both an original and successful theory of gravitational inversion of expanding and solidifying spheres in vacuo. ADDENDUM 6 Aug 31 2006 : I thought I was safe deleting my earlier pages on this subject, but I see that Google has them cached. I was astonished to find my original draft from last week or so number four in a search for 'expanding hollow earth'. Jeez! I might have to go public with this sooner than I wanted... ADDENDUM 7 Sep 1 2006 : Once you know what to look for the internet comes into its own. Looks like Newton's Sphere Theorem, the part of the Principia that reported caused the old Alchemist and Freemason to delay its publication for 20 years, has been under fire before. Luckily my disproof is completely different, but no less valid IMO. Interesting that Wikipedia, the 'free' online encyclopedia's entry for Hollow Earth immediately equates the idea with the notion that the inside of the Earth is inhabited, aka David Icke et al (though I would not be surprised if he has seen the light since publishing 'The Biggest Secret' judging by his latest much more cogent 'conspiracy theories'.) There is no such thing as a free lunch, and methinx Wikipedia protesteth the 'lunatic fringe' side of the Hollow Earth theory too much... ADDENDUM 8 Sep 1 2006 : The Pioneer Anomaly is caused by a miscalculation of the gravitational force experienced by spacecraft moving away from the solar system. Can my theory of cooling celestial sphere gravity inversion account for this? Have masses of, or mass distribution within, spheres been miscalculated? ADDENDUM 9 Sep 2 2006 : IMPORTANT. It is possible that the initiation of planetary expansion coincides with the asteroid impact 65m years ago. Though the ocean floor dates do not match this hypothesis, it could be conjectured that the action of a massive asteroid striking the shell displaces the shell. The core is buffered by the shock-absorbing magma. The shell moves, but the core does not move by the same displacement in time, causing the iron core to meet the inside of the shell. The force of the slow collision of core with shell cracks the continental shell open, probably between what is now America and Asia. The core iron is now gravitationally bound to the shell, and re-distributes itself evenly as a second inner shell layer of high density, sufficiently increasing surface gravity to kill off all prehistoric large-scale life. From then until now the planet expands through ocean growth and gravity slowly drops over time. First smaller creatures, then progressively larger ones colonise the expanding planet. 'At the beginning of the Paleocene epoch, the world was practically without larger sized terrestrial animals. This unique situation was the starting point for the great evolutionary success of the mammals.' Addendum 10 : Evidence of a cold shell before the hot core migrated to the shell? 'Snowball Earth describes periods of intense glaciations that took place 700 to 580 million years ago. "The oceans were frozen all the way to the Equator," said Hedges, "as opposed to more modern times, when the ice sheets only go as far as Canada or maybe northern Pennsylvania." http://www.paleocene-mammals.de/ Interestingly, the classic example of the survivor of the dinosaur age is the crocodile, which lives largely in water and whose posture is horizontal not vertical.
---------------------------- Appendices
Appendix 1 I checked to see if the Geology of the West Coast of America matches that on the other side of the Pacific and it does.
Appendix 2 Abundance of elements >0.01% in the Earth's crust. The mass of the primordial sea cannot have been more than 1% based on the abundance of Hydrogen
Appendix 3 Note that the % iron in the lava flow from Mt Erebus (second table down) is above the stated abundance in the Earth's crust from the table above. This anecdotal evidence is consistent with the iron core having been pulled up to the underside of the shell when the gravity well inverted, and melding with the magma. After all, isn't most of the iron supposed to be at the core? Experienced geologists will know immediately if Mt. Erebus is an exception or the rule.
Appendix 4 Two-Tone Moon Left to right - The Moon, Mars, Io
The distinct 2-tone appearance comes from the two separate crust formation phases: Neal Adams has calculated that other planets and moons also collapse into smaller perfect spheres absent the dark (younger) areas. You really should investigate these links... Mars Video snip Moons etc. video. Once again fair play to Neal Adams for being so far ahead of the curve in this. His videos truly are proof that Art & Science are best when in harmony. The sum is greater than the parts.
Appendix 5 Simple explanation of pressure & gravity Pressure is approximately independent of atomic number In the gas phase pressure is approximately independent of molecular weight - see Ideal Gas Law. A 'Mole' of gas (simply atomic weight multiplied by Avogadro's Number) occupies 22.4 litres of space at atmospheric pressure. For solids and liquids packing is dependent on the electron shells, not nucleii. Electron shells are mostly in the same ball park, around 1-2 Angstroms, unlike nuclear mass, which spans 2 orders of magnitude. Only Hydrogen falls outside this narrow range to the downside. An aside - Black holes are massive objects where the cumulative gravitational attraction between nucleons is so great that the resulting pressure causes electron shells to collapse completely, essential creating one giant nucleus. If there are any readers who harbour hopes of time travel thru a black hole - go on. I dare you! Gravity is approximately dependent on atomic number Gravity on the other hand is dependent on the number of nucleons, which are nearly always 2, or 2 plus a bit times the Atomic Number, the exception again being hydrogen which has no neutron in its most common form - deuterium and tritium are its rarer neutron rich isotopes. Pressure is pretty much independent of atomic weight unless it is caused by gravity. Gravity can create pressure but not the other way around. Gravity is a force - pressure is the result of a force being applied. ...you never know what might turn up....
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